Brazilian wildlife: Jabiru (Jabiru mycteria), Tanquã wetland, Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.

Photographing from a boat is very challenging! Besides keeping your equipment dry, there are three problems associated with photographing from a moving boat:

1. The composition of the image changes continuously. This is especially problematic if your subject takes up most of the frame and if you want to keep your horizon level.

2. The distance to the subject changes continuously which makes it hard to keep the subject in focus.

3. Because the boat moves you are also much more likely to have movement unsharpness; the lens moves in relation to the subject, even if you have a tripod mounted on the boat.

The third problem can be somewhat compensated by using a high ISO setting and an open aperture which allow for a fast shutter speed. Of course an open aperture also makes the subject stand out from the background. In this case there was an abundance of light (mid-morning in the tropics), the camera body I used performs well with high ISO settings with little noise in the images, and the lens I used has a large maximum aperture and also features vibration reduction. In this particular situation I was able to use an aperture of F5.6 and 2000 ISO with a shutter speed of 1/8000. Without the abundance of light and the advanced capabilities of the equipment I could not have made the images below.

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Jabiru (Jabiru mycteria), Tanquã wetland, Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo, BrazilJabiru (Jabiru mycteria), Tanquã wetland, Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

Jabiru (Jabiru mycteria), Tanquã wetland, Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo, BrazilJabiru (Jabiru mycteria), Tanquã wetland, Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

Birdwatching in Brazil: Bird watching in Tanquã wetland with Alex Augusto de Abreu Bovo (left), Evanildo (the boatman, center) and Frans Lindenkamp (right), Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo State.

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Bird watching in Tanquã wetland with Alex Augusto de Abreu Bovo (left), Evanildo (the boatman, center) and Frans Lindenkamp (right), Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo, BrazilBird watching in Tanquã wetland with Alex Augusto de Abreu Bovo (left), Evanildo (the boatman, center) and Frans Lindenkamp (right), Rio Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Researchers collecting data (GPS coordinates, tissue sample) of a jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil.

Researchers collecting data (GPS coordinates, tissue sample) of a jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilResearchers collecting data (GPS coordinates, tissue sample) of a jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Image below: Researchers investigating nighthawk roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil.

Researchers investigating nighthawk roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilResearchers investigating nighthawk roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Click here for other images of animals that were killed by cars.

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Road ecology blog: Jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil.

Click here for other images of animals that were killed by cars.

Click here for other images of animals alive on or near roads.

Some large format prints (limited edition) are now for sale at Freshwater Studio & Gallery in Missoula, Montana.

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Jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilJararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil Jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilJararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil Jararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilJararaca (Bothrops jararaca) roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Brazilian landscapes: Cerrado, near Brotas, Brazil.

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Cerrado, along SP-225, near Brotas, BrazilCerrado, along SP-225, near Brotas, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Damaged fence, SP-225, near Brotas, Brazil.

Proper design and maintenance of wildlife fencing is essential. Properly designed and maintained wildlife fences can keep wildlife from entering the roadway, reduce wildlife vehicle collisions and help funnel wildlife to wildlife crossing structures such as underpasses or overpasses.

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Damaged fence, SP-225, near Brotas, BrazilDamaged fence, SP-225, near Brotas, Brazil Damaged fence, SP-225, near Brotas, BrazilDamaged fence, SP-225, near Brotas, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Nighthawk roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil.

Click here for other images of animals that were killed by cars.

Click here for other images of animals alive on or near roads.

Some large format prints (limited edition) are now for sale at Freshwater Studio & Gallery in Missoula, Montana.

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Nighthawk roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilNighthawk roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil Nighthawk roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilNighthawk roadkill along SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Mowing of right-of-way vegetation, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

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Mowing of right-of-way vegetation, near Itirapina, Sao Paulo, BrazilMowing of right-of-way vegetation, near Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil Freshly mowed of right-of-way vegetation along motorway SP-225, , near Itirapina, Sao Paulo, BrazilFreshly mowed of right-of-way vegetation along motorway SP-225, , near Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Hair of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) caught in barbed wire of right-of-way fence along motorway SP-225, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Click here for more images of wildlife tracks, scat and hair.

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Hair of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) caught in barbed wire or right-of-way fence along motorway SP-225, Sao Paulo, BrazilHair of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) caught in barbed wire or right-of-way fence along motorway SP-225, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Images below: scat of maned wolf with seeds of the indaiá palm (Attalea dubia).

Scat of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, BrazilScat of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) with seeds of the indaiá palm (Attalea dubia), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil Scat of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, BrazilScat of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) with seeds of the indaiá palm (Attalea dubia), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Multifunctional underpass along Rio Jacaré-Pepira, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil.

Note that it would be better to allow for natural substrate and vegetation on the slopes instead of a smooth concrete surface.

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Multifunctional underpass along Rio Jacaré-Pepira, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilMultifunctional underpass along Rio Jacaré-Pepira, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil Multifunctional underpass along Rio Jacaré-Pepira, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilMultifunctional underpass along Rio Jacaré-Pepira, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Brazilian landscapes: Dwarf bamboo (Chusquea pinifolia), an endemic species of high elevation vegetation, Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

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Dwarf bamboo (Chusquea pinifolia), an endemic species of high elevation vegetation, Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, BrazilDwarf bamboo (Chusquea pinifolia), an endemic species of high elevation vegetation, Itatiaia National Park, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Brazilian wildlife: tracks

Click here for more images of wildlife tracks, scat and hair.

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Image below: Tracks of greater rhea (Rhea americana), Sao Paulo, Brazil

Tracks of greater rhea (Rhea americana), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, BrazilTracks of greater rhea (Rhea americana), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Tracks of greater rhea (Rhea americana), Sao Paulo, Brazil

Tracks of greater rhea (Rhea americana), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, BrazilTracks of greater rhea (Rhea americana), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Image below: Tracks of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Sao Paulo, Brazil

Tracks of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, BrazilTracks of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Image below: Tracks of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Sao Paulo, Brazil

Tracks of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, BrazilTracks of maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus), Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Image below: Tracks in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Tracks in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilTracks in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Image below: Tracks in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Tracks in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilTracks in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Image below: Tracks of white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Tracks of white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, BrazilTracks of white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris) in tracking bed on ledge in multifunctional underpass, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil

Image below: Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) tracks in a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) tracks in a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, BrazilJaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) tracks in a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) tracks in a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, BrazilJaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) tracks in a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Image below: Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) tracks in a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Nine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) tracks in a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, BrazilNine-banded armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus) tracks in a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) tracks near a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Gray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) tracks near a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, BrazilGray brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira) tracks near a multifunctional underpass, along SP-225, near Brotas, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Image below: Tracks of spotted paca (Cuniculus paca), in multifunctional underpass along SP-225 motorway, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Tracks of spotted paca (Cuniculus paca), in multifunctional underpass along SP-225 motorway, Sao Paulo, BrazilTracks of spotted paca (Cuniculus paca), in multifunctional underpass along SP-225 motorway, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Image below: Snail or slug slime tracks in a multifunctional underpass, SP-225, near Brotas, Brazil

Snail or slug slime tracks in a multifunctional underpass, SP-225, near Brotas, BrazilSnail or slug slime tracks in a multifunctional underpass, SP-225, near Brotas, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Multifunctional underpasses, SP-225 motorway, Brotas, Brazil.

Most of the underpasses under the SP-225 motorway are box culverts. Many of them are intended to pass water or livestock, but research by Fernanda Abra has shown that these structures are also used by various wildlife species.

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