Speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, near Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. There are multiple of these speed management zones in the area. They are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone.

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Speed reduction zone for wildlife,ArgentinaSpeed reduction zone for wildlife, 40 km per hour, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. These speed management zones are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone. Speed reduction zone for wildlife,ArgentinaSpeed reduction zone for wildlife, 40 km per hour, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. These speed management zones are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone. Speed reduction zone for wildlife,ArgentinaSpeed reduction zone for wildlife, 40 km per hour, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. These speed management zones are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone. Speed reduction zone for wildlife,ArgentinaSpeed reduction zone for wildlife, 40 km per hour, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. These speed management zones are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone. Speed reduction zone for wildlife, 40 km per hour, Puerto IguazSpeed reduction zone for wildlife, 40 km per hour, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. These speed management zones are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone. Wildlife warning sign for South American tapir,ArgentinaWildlife warning sign for South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina Wildlife warning sign for South American tapir,ArgentinaWildlife warning sign for South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris), Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina _DSC6942 Rumble strips and cones in a speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, ArgentinaRumble strips and cones in a speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina _DSC6942 Rumble strips and cones in a speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,-Misiones,-ArgentinaRumble strips and cones in a speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina _DSC6944 Rumble strips and cones in a speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,-Misiones,-ArgentinaRumble strips and cones in a speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina Rumble strips and cones in a speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, ArgentinaRumble strips and cones in a speed reduction zone for wildlife, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina Speed reduction zone for wildlife, 60 km per hour, Puerto IguazSpeed reduction zone for wildlife, 60 km per hour, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. These speed management zones are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone. Speed reduction zone for wildlife, 60 km per hour, Puerto IguazSpeed reduction zone for wildlife, 60 km per hour, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. These speed management zones are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone. Speed reduction zone for wildlife, 40 km per hour, Puerto IguazSpeed reduction zone for wildlife, 40 km per hour, Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazú,
Misiones,
Argentina. The posted maximum speed limit drops down to 60 km per hour, then 40 km per hour. These speed management zones are in low lying areas which is habitat of South American tapir (Tapirus terrestris). There are also rumble strips and cones to increase attention by drivers and to reduce passing in the speed management zone.

Road ecology blog: Yellow cururu toads (Rhinella icterica) on bridge across stream, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil.

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Yellow cururu toad (Rhinella icterica), BrazilYellow cururu toad (Rhinella icterica) on bridge across stream, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

Brazilian wildlife: South American coati (Nasua nasua), Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Brazil.

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South American coati (Nasua nasua), Parque Nacional do Iguaçu,South American coati (Nasua nasua), Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Standing water on bridge with plugged drains, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil. The drains of this historic bridge are too small and are easily plugged by leaves and other debris. However, because it is a historic bridge the regulations do not allow the drainage to be improved.

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Standing water on bridge with plugged drains, BrazilStanding water on bridge with plugged drains, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil. The drains of this historic bridge are too small and are easily plugged by leaves and other debris.

South American wildlife: Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae), Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazu, Argentina.

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Argentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae), ArgentinaArgentine black and white tegu (Salvator merianae), Puerto Iguazú, Parque Nacional Iguazu, Argentina

Road ecology blog: Mitigation measures against erosion at site where land slides have occurred in the past, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

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Mitigation measures against erosion atsite where land slides havMitigation measures against erosion atsite where land slides have occurred in the past, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Mitigation measures against erosion atsite where land slides havMitigation measures against erosion atsite where land slides have occurred in the past, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Mitigation measures against erosion atsite where land slides havMitigation measures against erosion atsite where land slides have occurred in the past, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

Brazilian landscapes: Stream through Atlantic forest, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil.

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Stream, BrazilStream, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Stream, BrazilStream, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Drainage and culvert along road, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil.

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Drainage and culvert, BrazilDrainage and culvert along road, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Drainage gutter for road run-off, BrazilDrainage gutter for road run-off to reduce erosion, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Drainage gutter for road run-off, BrazilDrainage gutter for road run-off to reduce erosion, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Drainage gutter for road run-off, BrazilDrainage gutter for road run-off to reduce erosion, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Drainage gutter for road run-off, BrazilDrainage gutter for road run-off to reduce erosion, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

Road ecology blog: Ciro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil.

Brazil experiences the same types of problems with roads and wildlife as many other countries. However, sometimes different countries make different choices in how they deal with the problems. One of the things I found remarkable and different in Brazil is the close collaboration between transportation agencies and veterinarians. Great effort is taken to rescue animals from the areas where (new) road construction is taking place and to release them in nearby areas. In addition, road inspections tend to be frequent (e.g. every three hours) which increases the probability that animals that have been hit by cars are still alive by the time they are found. In many cases these animals are brought to wildlife hospitals. If the animals recover they are released in the wild. While this does not happen along every road, I have seen multiple examples of close collaboration and coordination between transportation agencies and veterinarians in Brazil. This suggests that this is a pattern and not an exception. In addition, transportation agencies tend to pay (partially or fully) for the wildlife rescue and wildlife care. It is the high degree of collaboration and coordination between transportation agencies and wildlife hospitals, as well as the funding structure for veterinarians and wildlife hospitals that sets Brazil apart from what I have seen in other countries.

Ciro Cruvinel is a wildlife veterinarian for the newly reconstructed road through Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho'. He has been advising on minimizing the impact of the construction activities on wildlife, he helps wounded wildlife recover, and he has been an advocate for wildlife mitigation measures along the park road. These measures include 16 canopy crossings for arboreal mammals, night time closure of the road for traffic, and a low design speed and low posted maximum speed limit. His operating room is in one of the buildings at the headquarters of the park. This indicates that helping wounded wildlife is considered an integral part of the management of the reserve and the road that cuts through it. Note that animals that have died are frozen and can be used for further research or education by universities in the region.

Image below: Ciro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, at canopy crossing, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil. Ciro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, at canopy crossing BrazilCiro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, at canopy crossing, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil.

Images below:Ciro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, in his lab, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil.

Ciro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, BrazilCiro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, in his lab, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil. His job is specifically targetted at rehabilitating wildlife that is injured on the road. Ciro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, BrazilCiro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, in his lab, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil. His job is specifically targetted at rehabilitating wildlife that is injured on the road. Ciro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, BrazilCiro Cruvinel, wildlife veterinarian, in his lab, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil. His job is specifically targetted at rehabilitating wildlife that is injured on the road.

Image below: Ciro Cruvinel and Marcel Huijser at a canopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil.

Ciro Cruvinel and Marcel Huijser, São Paulo, BrazilCiro Cruvinel and Marcel Huijser at a canopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

Image below: Bethanie Walder and Ciro Cruvinel at a canopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

Bethanie Walder and Ciro Cruvinel, São Paulo, BrazilBethanie Walder and Ciro Cruvinel at a canopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

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Brazilian birds: Black-fronted piping guan (Pipile jacutinga). Captive animal.

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Black-fronted piping guan (Pipile jacutinga), BrazilBlack-fronted piping guan (Pipile jacutinga), Brazil. Endangered (IUCN, 2015). Captive animal. Black-fronted piping guan (Pipile jacutinga), BrazilBlack-fronted piping guan (Pipile jacutinga), Brazil. Endangered (IUCN, 2015). Captive animal.

Road ecology blog: Canopy crossings for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

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Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil Canopy crossing, BrazilCanopy crossing for arboreal mammals, Parque Estadual 'Carlos Botelho', São Paulo, Brazil

 Life in Montana: New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley

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New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA    New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA New Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USANew Year's Eve, 31 December 2015, Swan Valley, Montana, USA

Brazilian birds: Hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), Brazil. Vulnerable (IUCN, 2015). Captive animal.

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Hyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), BrazilHyacinth macaw (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus), Brazil. Vulnerable (IUCN, 2015). Captive animal.