European wildlife: Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) and rock lines in snowy landscape, Dovrefjell National Park, Norway. The snow has blown off the crest of these rocks resulting in fine lines contrasting with the snowy landscape. The muskox emphasizes these lines by moving parallel to it.

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Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) and rock lines in snowy landscape, Dovrefjell National Park, NorwayMuskox (Ovibos moschatus) and rock lines in snowy landscape, Dovrefjell National Park, Norway. Muskoxen evolved in Asia and adapted to arctic tundra environments. Muskoxen became extinct in Europe (last records are from Sweden about 9,000 years ago) and Asia (last records are from the Taymyr peninsula in Russia about 2,000 years ago), probably primarily as a result of over hunting by people. Muskoxen crossed into North America from Siberia between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago and they survived in Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Muskoxen were reintroduced in Europe and Asia relatively recently. Muskoxen were first reintroduced in Dovrefjell National Park in Norway in 1931-1932, but these animals were all killed during the second world war. A second reintroduction attempt (1947-1953) was successful though. The muskoxen population size in Dovrefjell National Park is currently estimated at several hundred individuals.

Montana birds: Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) at sunrise, Montana, USA

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Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), Montana, USAGreater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), Montana, USA

European wildlife: Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, Norway. In black and white.

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Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, NorwayMuskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, Norway.

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Muskoxen evolved in Asia and adapted to arctic tundra environments. Muskoxen became extinct in Europe (last records are from Sweden about 9,000 years ago) and Asia (last records are from the Taymyr peninsula in Russia about 2,000 years ago), probably primarily as a result of over hunting by people. Muskoxen crossed into North America from Siberia between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago and they survived in Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Muskoxen were reintroduced in Europe and Asia relatively recently. Muskoxen were first reintroduced in Dovrefjell National Park in Norway in 1931-1932, but these animals were all killed during the second world war. A second reintroduction attempt (1947-1953) was successful though. The muskoxen population size in Dovrefjell National Park is currently estimated at several hundred individuals.

Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, NorwayMuskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, Norway.

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Muskoxen evolved in Asia and adapted to arctic tundra environments. Muskoxen became extinct in Europe (last records are from Sweden about 9,000 years ago) and Asia (last records are from the Taymyr peninsula in Russia about 2,000 years ago), probably primarily as a result of over hunting by people. Muskoxen crossed into North America from Siberia between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago and they survived in Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Muskoxen were reintroduced in Europe and Asia relatively recently. Muskoxen were first reintroduced in Dovrefjell National Park in Norway in 1931-1932, but these animals were all killed during the second world war. A second reintroduction attempt (1947-1953) was successful though. The muskoxen population size in Dovrefjell National Park is currently estimated at several hundred individuals.

Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, NorwayMuskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, Norway.

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Muskoxen evolved in Asia and adapted to arctic tundra environments. Muskoxen became extinct in Europe (last records are from Sweden about 9,000 years ago) and Asia (last records are from the Taymyr peninsula in Russia about 2,000 years ago), probably primarily as a result of over hunting by people. Muskoxen crossed into North America from Siberia between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago and they survived in Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Muskoxen were reintroduced in Europe and Asia relatively recently. Muskoxen were first reintroduced in Dovrefjell National Park in Norway in 1931-1932, but these animals were all killed during the second world war. A second reintroduction attempt (1947-1953) was successful though. The muskoxen population size in Dovrefjell National Park is currently estimated at several hundred individuals.

European wildlife: Got insurance? Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) investigates my Lowepro camera bag, Dovrefjell National Park, Norway.

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Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) investigates camera bag, Dovrefjell National Park, NorwayMuskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) investigates camera bag, Dovrefjell National Park, Norway. Muskoxen evolved in Asia and adapted to arctic tundra environments. Muskoxen became extinct in Europe (last records are from Sweden about 9,000 years ago) and Asia (last records are from the Taymyr peninsula in Russia about 2,000 years ago), probably primarily as a result of over hunting by people. Muskoxen crossed into North America from Siberia between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago and they survived in Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Muskoxen were reintroduced in Europe and Asia relatively recently. Muskoxen were first reintroduced in Dovrefjell National Park in Norway in 1931-1932, but these animals were all killed during the second world war. A second reintroduction attempt (1947-1953) was successful though. The muskoxen population size in Dovrefjell National Park is currently estimated at several hundred individuals.

Montana wildlife: Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USA. This pronghorn came to check out my blind... curious animals! Interestingly the pronghorn was bleeding from the base of its left pronghorn.

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Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USAPronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USA

Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USAPronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USA

Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USAPronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USA

Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USAPronghorn (Antilocapra americana), Montana, USA

European wildlife: Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, Norway

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Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, NorwayMuskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, Norway. Muskoxen evolved in Asia and adapted to arctic tundra environments. Muskoxen became extinct in Europe (last records are from Sweden about 9,000 years ago) and Asia (last records are from the Taymyr peninsula in Russia about 2,000 years ago), probably primarily as a result of over hunting by people. Muskoxen crossed into North America from Siberia between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago and they survived in Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Muskoxen were reintroduced in Europe and Asia relatively recently. Muskoxen were first reintroduced in Dovrefjell National Park in Norway in 1931-1932, but these animals were all killed during the second world war. A second reintroduction attempt (1947-1953) was successful though. The muskoxen population size in Dovrefjell National Park is currently estimated at several hundred individuals.

Multifunctional overpass (wildlife and bicycle / pedestrian / equestrian path) Slabroek, about 15 m wide, across A50 motorway, north of Uden, The Netherlands. The overpass also spans a two-lane road and a bicycle path (see foreground in 2nd image). Note the wooden barriers for vehicles on the vegetated part. Also note the brown metal posts on each side of the path. These posts contain a counter to count human use of the overpass.

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Multifunctional overpass (wildlife and bicycle pedestrian path) Slabroek, about 15 m wide, across A50 motorway, north of Uden, The NetherlandsMultifunctional overpass (wildlife and bicycle pedestrian path) Slabroek, about 15 m wide, across A50 motorway, north of Uden, The Netherlands. Note the wooden barriers for vehicles on the vegetated part. Also note the brown metal posts on each side of the path. These posts contain a counter to count human use of the overpass.

Multifunctional overpass (wildlife and bicycle pedestrian path) Slabroek, about 15 m wide, across A50 motorway, north of Uden, The NetherlandsMultifunctional overpass (wildlife and bicycle pedestrian path) Slabroek, about 15 m wide, across A50 motorway, north of Uden, The Netherlands. Note the wooden barriers for vehicles on the vegetated part. Also note the brown metal posts on each side of the path. These posts contain a counter to count human use of the overpass.

Montana birds: Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) displaying at lek, Montana, USA.

Click here for images and videos of sage grouse.

Click here for other images of the blind, our campsite and the bicycles and trailer we used to haul our gear.

Click here for images of fence markers, reflectors or flags for sage grouse on livestock fences.

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Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) displaying at lek, Montana, USAGreater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) male displaying at lek, Montana, USA

Montana landscapes: Cottonwoods in Lamar Valley, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA

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Cottonwoods in Lamar, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USACottonwoods in Lamar, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, USA

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European wildlife: Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the snow, Dovrefjell National Park, Norway

Click here to view more images of muskoxen.

Click here to view more images of "the making of the muskoxen photos".

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Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the snow, Dovrefjell National Park, NorwayMuskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the snow, Dovrefjell National Park, Norway. Muskoxen evolved in Asia and adapted to arctic tundra environments. Muskoxen became extinct in Europe (last records are from Sweden about 9,000 years ago) and Asia (last records are from the Taymyr peninsula in Russia about 2,000 years ago), probably primarily as a result of over hunting by people. Muskoxen crossed into North America from Siberia between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago and they survived in Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Muskoxen were reintroduced in Europe and Asia relatively recently. Muskoxen were first reintroduced in Dovrefjell National Park in Norway in 1931-1932, but these animals were all killed during the second world war. A second reintroduction attempt (1947-1953) was successful though. The muskoxen population size in Dovrefjell National Park is currently estimated at several hundred individuals.

Road ecology blog: Snug fit of a gate at a wildlife fence, south of Otterlo, The Netherlands. The snug fit discourages animals from crawling under the gate.

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Snug fit of a gate at a wildlife fence, south of Otterlo, The NetherlandsSnug fit of a gate at a wildlife fence, south of Otterlo, The Netherlands. The snug fit discourages animals from crawling under the gate.

European wildlife: Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, Norway.

Click here to view more images of muskoxen.

Click here to view more images of "the making of the muskoxen photos".

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Muskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, NorwayMuskox (Ovibos moschatus), Dovrefjell National Park, Norway. Muskoxen evolved in Asia and adapted to arctic tundra environments. Muskoxen became extinct in Europe (last records are from Sweden about 9,000 years ago) and Asia (last records are from the Taymyr peninsula in Russia about 2,000 years ago), probably primarily as a result of over hunting by people. Muskoxen crossed into North America from Siberia between 200,000 and 90,000 years ago and they survived in Alaska, northern Canada and Greenland. Muskoxen were reintroduced in Europe and Asia relatively recently. Muskoxen were first reintroduced in Dovrefjell National Park in Norway in 1931-1932, but these animals were all killed during the second world war. A second reintroduction attempt (1947-1953) was successful though. The muskoxen population size in Dovrefjell National Park is currently estimated at several hundred individuals.

Montana birds: Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USA.

When sage grouse males fight it typically starts with one male approaching the other. Tail feathers are lowered, body turned sideways (presumably to show body size to the opponent) and a purring/rattling sound is made. When the opponent does not back down the birds beat each other with their wings.

Click here for other images of the blind, our campsite and the bicycles and trailer we used to haul our gear.

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Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USAGreater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USA

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USAGreater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USA

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USAGreater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USA

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USAGreater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USA

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USAGreater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USA

Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USAGreater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) males fighting, Montana, USA