Road ecology blog: Wildlife fence and gate at multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

To open the gate it has to be lifted up.

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All content © 2012 Marcel Huijser

Wildlife fence and gate at multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaWildlife fence and gate at multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria

Hanging mechanism of gate at multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaHanging mechanism of gate at multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria

Publication: Wolf image in Vakblad Natuur Bos Landschap, photo by Marcel Huijser.

A special wolf issue of the magazine "Vakblad Natuur Bos Landschap".

The special issue is in response to a recent wolf observation in The Netherlands and the management of wolves should they indeed re-establish a population in The Netherlands after an absence of more than 100 years.

A wolf image I made was published as an illustration in the following article: Wieger Wamelink, Glenn Lelieveld & Fabrice Ottburg. 2013. De Wolf: getolereerd of geschoten? Vakblad Natuur Bos Landschap,10 (100): 19-21, December 2013.

Wolf article with wolf image in Vakblad Natuur Bos Landschap, photo by Marcel HuijserWolf article with wolf image in Vakblad Natuur Bos Landschap, photo by Marcel Huijser

California: Pierce Point Ranch, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA.

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Pierce Point Ranch, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USAPierce Point Ranch, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA

Outdoor recreation: Bicycle and horse back riding route at multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

In general, human co-use of crossing structures is negatively associated with wildlife use. However, in multifunctional landscapes it seems wise to consider the combined use of wildlife and people at crossing structures under or over major highways or railroads. The wildlife species that live in such landscapes are likely to have adapted to a certain level of human disturbance, and perhaps these species even thrive with this human presence. These species may not substantially reduce their use of the structures as a result of human co-use, but they may use the structures primarily at night when human use is very low or non-existent. By considering human co-use, especially non-motorized traffic, there may be more support in society to build crossing structures that are suitable for wildlife. This then perhaps allows for more multifunctional structures to be build compared to structures that would be for wildlife only. However, in pristine ecosystems with species known to be very sensitive to human disturbance separate structures for wildlife and people may be more appropriate.

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Trail sign for horseback riders on top of multifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaTrail sign for horseback riders on top of multifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Bicycle route signs near multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaBicycle route signs near multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Bicycle path on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife and bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaBicycle path on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife and bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Bicycle route sign on pavement on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaBicycle route sign on pavement on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

California: Coastal forest in mist, Point Reyes National Seashore.

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Coastal forest in mist, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USACoastal forest in mist, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA

Road ecology blog: Cover on top of multifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

The presence of cover on a wildlife overpass has a positive effect on wildlife use. Some animals may even spend substantial time feeding or sleeping on an overpass that has cover and food.

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Cover on top of multifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaCover on top of multifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Wildlife fence and cover on top of multifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaWildlife fence and cover on top of multifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Multifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaMultifunctional overpass (farm road and wildlife, about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

California: Tree reflection in fog, Point Reyes National Seashore.

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Tree reflection in fog, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USATree reflection in fog, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA

*** SELECT BLACK AND WHITE PAPER FOR PRINTING; COLOR PAPER WILL RESULT IN BROWN HAZE OVER IMAGE ***

Road ecology blog: Approach of multifunctional overpass, across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

Approach of multifunctional overpass (about 23 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

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Approach of multifunctional overpass, across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaApproach of multifunctional overpass (about 23 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

California: Yellow lupine (Lupinus arboreus), Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA.

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Yellow lupine (Lupinus arboreus), Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USAYellow lupine (Lupinus arboreus), Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA

Road ecology blog: Grate in the median (lets some light and water into underpass) at multifunctional underpass under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

In some cases there is only one structure (one bridge) for the two travel directions. If the road is wide (e.g. two travel lanes or more for each travel direction), there may not be much light or moisture inside an underpass. By placing a metal grate in between the two travel directions, some light and water can still enter the underpass, even if there is no median. More light is considered to result in a higher acceptance rate of the structure by wildlife. More light (and water) may also allow some vegetation to grow inside the underpass which provides for some food and cover for wildlife.

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Bridge grate material in median lets light into multifunctional underpass (about 45 m wide), under A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaBridge grate material in median lets light into multifunctional underpass (about 45 m wide), under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria

Bridge grate material in median allows for light inside multifunctional underpass (wildlife and farm road, about 36 m wide), under A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaBridge grate material in median allows for light inside multifunctional underpass (wildlife and farm road, about 36 m wide), under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria

California: Bird watchers with telescopes approaching in the fog, Point Reyes National Seashore.

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Bird watchers with telescopes approaching in the fog, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USABird watchers with telescopes approaching in the fog, Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA

Road ecology blog: Multifunctional underpass (farm road and wildlife), under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

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Multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaMultifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria

California landscapes: Calla lilies (Zantedeschia aethiopica) and yellow lupine (Lupinus arboreus), Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA.

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Calla lilies (Zantedeschia aethiopica) and yellow lupine (Lupinus arboreus), Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USACalla lilies (Zantedeschia aethiopica) and yellow lupine (Lupinus arboreus), Point Reyes National Seashore, California, USA. The calla lily is an African species and is not native to California.