Road ecology blog: View from top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

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Area outside fence on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaArea outside fence on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Rocky Mountain landscapes: Snow covered tree stems after the blizzard, Chief Joseph Pass, Idaho, USA.

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Snow covered tree stems, Chief Joseph Pass, Idaho, USASnow covered tree stems, Chief Joseph Pass, Idaho, USA

Snow covered tree stems, Chief Joseph Pass, Idaho, USASnow covered tree stems, Chief Joseph Pass, Idaho, USA

Road ecology blog: Cover and food for wildlife (rose hips) on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

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Cover and food for wildlife (rose hips) on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaCover and food for wildlife (rose hips) on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Cover (trees and shrubs) on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaCover and food for wildlife on top of multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria

Rocky Mountain wildlife: Bison (Bison bison) head, Wyoming, USA.

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Bison (Bison bison) moving head side to side to move snow to access vegetation under the snow, Wyoming, USABison (Bison bison) moving head side to side to move snow to access vegetation under the snow, Wyoming, USA

Road ecology blog: multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

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multifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austriamultifunctional overpass (wildlife, bicyclists, pedestrians; about 100 m wide), across A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria. The overpass is designed for farmers, agricultural machinery, hunters and wildlife including roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus).

Outdoor life in Montana: Lighted tent at night in moonlit snowy forest, Montana, USA.

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Lighted tent at night in moonlit snowy forest, Montana, USALighted tent at night in moonlit snowy forest, Montana, USA

Road ecology blog: Wildlife fence and gate at multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria.

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Wildlife fence and gate at multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, AustriaWildlife fence and gate at multifunctional underpass, under A4 motorway, Parndorf, Austria

Outdoor life in Montana: Winter camping.

I joined a couple of friends on a winter camping trip last weekend in preparation for a trip to photograph muskoxen in winter in Norway. It was a good opportunity to test out some new camping gear and photo equipment. It was not terribly cold, but it was very windy and snowing hard with considerable accumulation during the night; probably close to a foot (30 cm) or so. The tent held up well, but I got up regularly during the night to clear snow off the tent and the sides to keep the fly from pushing on the inner tent. The snow is about 4-5 ft (120-150 cm) deep, so snow shoes or wide skis are essential. I used my snow shoes to compact the snow at the tent side. When you compact the snow it becomes quite hard, allowing a person to stand, walk, and lie down on the snow, well above the actual ground, without sinking into the snow. The tent is secured with snow stakes (extra wide stakes with holes in it) and snow anchors. The snow stakes and anchors are very solid in compacted snow. I also tied some parachute cord to the tent and trees to help stabilize the tent in the wind.

Some of the new equipment included a flexible tripod and clamps mounted on my sled. A remote control allows me to photograph myself as I am pulling the sled.

Marcel Huijser straps on harness to pull cargo sled on winter camping trip, Chief Joseph Pass, Montana, USA.

Marcel Huijser straps on harness to pull cargo sled on winter camping trip, Chief Joseph Pass, Montana, USAMarcel Huijser straps on harness to pull cargo sled on winter camping trip, Chief Joseph Pass, Montana, USA

Marcel Huijser pulls a cargo sled to winter camp site, Montana, USA

Marcel Huijser pulls a cargo sled to winter camp site, Montana, USAMarcel Huijser pulls a cargo sled to winter camp site, Montana, USA

Tent and cargo sled in the snow, Chief Joseph Pass, Montana, USA.

Winter camping trip, Chief Joseph Pass, Montana, USAWinter camping trip, Chief Joseph Pass, Montana, USA

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Road ecology blog: No stopping zone to reduce disturbance to wildlife along road.

Sign to reduce human disturbance along road section where wolves (Canis lupus) killed an elk (Cervus canadensis) close to the road. The no stopping zone allows the wolves to cross the road when feeding on the elk they killed earlier.

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Sign no stopping zone, Wyoming, USASign to reduce human disturbance along road section where wolves (Canis lupus) killed an elk (Cervus canadensis) close to the road. The no stopping zone allows the wolves to cross the road when feeding on the elk they killed earlier.

Rocky Mountain wildlife: Bison (Bison bison) moving snow to access vegetation, Wyoming, USA.

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Bison (Bison bison) moving snow to access vegetation, Wyoming, USABison (Bison bison) moving snow to access vegetation, Wyoming, USA

Road ecology blog: Bison (Bison bison) walking on the road, Wyoming, USA.

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Bison (Bison bison) on the road, Wyoming, USABison (Bison bison) on the road, Wyoming, USA

Rocky Mountain wildlife: Friendly nudge, Bison (Bison bison), Wyoming, USA.

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Friendly nudge, Bison (Bison bison), Wyoming, USAFriendly nudge, Bison (Bison bison), Wyoming, USA

Road ecology blog: Bison (Bison bison) on the road with car, Wyoming, USA.

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Bison (Bison bison) on the road, Wyoming, USABison (Bison bison) on the road, Wyoming, USA