Road ecology blog: Pathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily designed for water (stream), US Hwy 93 S, Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA. Note that the concrete path was easily undercut during high water.

Pathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily desPathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily designed for water (stream), US Hwy 93 S, Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA Pathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily desPathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily designed for water (stream), US Hwy 93 S, Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA Pathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily desPathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily designed for water (stream), US Hwy 93 S, Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA Pathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily desPathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily designed for water (stream), US Hwy 93 S, Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA Pathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily desPathway for large mammals in an underpass (bridge) primarily designed for water (stream), US Hwy 93 S, Bitterroot Valley, Montana, USA

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Road ecology blog: Gate at Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA. Night time closure

Gate at Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge, VirgGate at Eastern Shore of Virginia National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA. Night time closure

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Road ecology blog: Night time closure and separating motorized and non-motorized use. Gate at wildlife loop, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA. Hiking and bicycling before 3 pm, motor vehicles permitted after 3 pm.

Gate at wildlife loop, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, ViGate at wildlife loop, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA. Hiking and bicycling before 3 pm, motorvehicles permitted after 3 pm. Gate at wildlife loop, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, ViGate at wildlife loop, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA. Hiking and bicycling before 3 pm, motorvehicles permitted after 3 pm. Gate at wildlife loop, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, ViGate at wildlife loop, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA. Hiking and bicycling before 3 pm, motorvehicles permitted after 3 pm.

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Road ecology blog: Route for new beach access road cut through maritime forest, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA

Route for new beach access road through maritime forest, ChincoRoute for new beach access road through maritime forest, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA Route for new beach access road through maritime forest and theRoute for new beach access road through maritime forest and the old unpaved management road, Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia, USA

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Road ecology blog: Bridge and causeway through Chicoteague Bay, Chincoteague Island, Virginia, USA. The salt marshes are important habitat for the Northern diamondback terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin).

Bridge and causeway through Chicoteague Bay, Chincoteague IslandBridge and causeway through Chicoteague Bay, Chincoteague Island, Virginia, USA Bridge and causeway through Chicoteague Bay, Chincoteague IslandBridge and causeway through Chicoteague Bay, Chincoteague Island, Virginia, USA

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Road ecology blog: Concrete barrier wall along a section of Hwy 13, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. While not build to be a barrier for Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin), it can serve as a barrier.

Concrete barrier wall along Hwy 13, Fisherman Island National WiConcrete barrier wall along Hwy 13, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. While not build to be a barrier for Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin), it can serve as a barrier

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Road ecology blog: Pamela Denmon (USFWS) demonstrates where the plastic corrugated pipe should be located with short vegetation on both sides. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) off the highway, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. Shrubs, trees, or tall grasses and herbs adjacent to the tube allow terrapins to climb the barrier. In addition, if the barrier is not snug to the ground, terrapins can crawl under the barrier and access the highway.

Pamela Denmon demonstrates where the plastic corrugated pipe shoPamela Denmon demonstrates where the plastic corrugated pipe should be located with short vegetation on both sides. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) off the highway, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia

Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe (6 inches diameter) staked in ground with rebar, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) turtles off the highway. Note that the corrugated pipe should NOT be adjacent to the shrubs. Tall vegetation can allow turtles to climb over the barrier. The vegetation should be short on both sides of the barrier. Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe (6 inches diameter) staked in ground with rebar, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) turtles off the highway. Note that the corrugated pipe should NOT be adjacent to the shrubs. Tall vegetation can allow turtles to climb over the barrier. The vegetation should be short on both sides of the barrier. Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe (6 inches diameter) staked in ground with rebar, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) turtles off the highway. Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) off the highway, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. Note that the vegetation show be shorth on both sides of the barrier. Otherwise the turtles can climb over the pipe.

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Road ecology blog: Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) off the highway does not stand up to mowing practices, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia

Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) off the highway does not stand up to mowing practices, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) off the highway does not stand up to mowing practices, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia
Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) off the highway does not stand up to mowing practices, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia

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Road ecology blog: Plastic corrugated pipe (6 inches diameter) staked in ground with rebar, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) turtles off the highway. The plastic tubing was staked into the ground with rebar. Small scale trials with captive animals showed the barrier to be effective. However, a large scale field application did not measurably reduce turtle roadkill, probably because of implementation and maintenance problems which I will discuss in the coming blog posts.

Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe (6 inches diameter) staked in ground with rebar, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) turtles off the highway. Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe (6 inches diameter) staked in ground with rebar, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) turtles off the highway. Rebar used to stake plastic corrugated pipe, Fisherman Island NaRebar used to stake plastic corrugated pipe, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) off the highway. Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe (6 inches diameter) staked in ground with rebar, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) turtles off the highway. Note that this is the end of the barrier as it angles away from the highway Plastic corrugated pipe designed as a barrier to keep Northern dPlastic corrugated pipe (6 inches diameter) staked in ground with rebar, Fisherman Island National Wildlife Refuge, Virginia. The pipe is designed as a barrier to keep Northern diamondback terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin terrapin) turtles off the highway.

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Road ecology blog: Arboreal crossing for primates and other tree dwelling species, Carlos Botelho State Park, São Paulo, Brazil

Arboreal crossing for primates and other tree dwelling species,Arboreal crossing for primates and other tree dwelling species, Carlos Botelho State Park, São Paulo, Brazil

Arboreal crossing for primates and other tree dwelling species,Arboreal crossing for primates and other tree dwelling species, Carlos Botelho State Park, São Paulo, Brazil

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Road ecology blog: Cable barrier, US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA

Cable barrier, US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USACable barrier, US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA Cable barrier, US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USACable barrier, US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA Cable barrier, US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USACable barrier, US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA

Road ecology blog: Gap and wildlife trail under wildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA

Gap and wildlife trail under wildlife fence for black bear (UrsuGap and wildlife trail under wildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA Gap and wildlife trail under wildlife fence for black bear (UrsuGap and wildlife trail under wildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA Wildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 fWildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), reduces hight to 8 ft where the fence approaches a wildlife underpass US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA. Note: the 10 ft high fence has reduced height under the crossing structure (about 8 ft). Gap and wildlife trail under wildlife fence for black bear (UrsuGap and wildlife trail under wildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA

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Road ecology blog: Wildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), reduces height to 8 ft where the fence approaches a wildlife underpass US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA. Note: the 10 ft high fence has reduced height under the crossing structure (about 8 ft). Note that it would have been best to keep the 3 m height until the actual concrete structure.

Wildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 fWildlife fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), reduces hight to 8 ft where the fence approaches a wildlife underpass US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA. Note: the 10 ft high fence has reduced height under the crossing structure (about 8 ft). Wildlife underpass and fence for black bear (Ursus americanus),Wildlife underpass and fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA Wildlife underpass and fence for black bear (Ursus americanus),Wildlife underpass and fence for black bear (Ursus americanus), 3 m high (10 ft), US Hwy 64, near Roper, North Carolina, USA

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